Keelamattiyan a Village

Introduction

The name Keelamattiyan is originated from two Tamil words ‘Kila’ meaning the lower and ‘Mattiyan’ means the place. The village is in the southern part of India in the state of Tamin Nadu at Madurai district of Vadipatti block of Melakkal Panchayet. The village was established around the Angalaeshwary temple. According to the villagers, the Angalaeshwary was their ancestor who attained the supreme knowledge of the world. He was a sacred soul. Angalaeshwary prayed to God for the villagers so that God doesn’t punish the villagers for the small mistakes God also promise to him that if someone washes his body and confesses his guilt to god with a pure mind God will forgive them. The northern boundary of the village is Vaigai River, Pottalaptti village in the south, Melamattayan in the west and the eastern side is up to Kachirairuppu village.

Social Dimension

Cast There are two DNCs (Denotified Cast) Moopanar and Nayakar. There is also, an SC community called Pallar

Gender

Total Population 1184 Male- 605 and Female- 579

Sex ratio 957.02 (source- Anganwadi)

Family Most of the family is a joint family but some nuclear families are also there.

Marriage

Arrange marriage is common but nowadays love marriages are seen in the village. Interacts marriages are strictly prohibited.

The average age of marriage for a male is 24-27

The average age of marriage for the female is 20-23

There is a culture of dowry and ‘Moi’(‘Moi’ is a special south Indian tradition that the guest who attain the marriage functions have to help the family with some money as per their capacity, it is not only about the help, but it’s also about the status.)

Food

They are mainly vegetarians but occasionally they take non-veg foods. They mainly take mutton on the full moon days

Festivals

 They have many festivals. Pongal, Jalakattu, Portasi Pongal, Vaanam, Thookuthal, Rakachumman, Paari Vettai- Hunting festival, Kumvabhisekham (Once in 12 years).

Some Beliefs of the villagers

·         They don’t wear shoes in the temple premises and inside the villages.

·         They believe that god protect their village from evil powers

·         At the time of periods, girls have to stay outside of the house for at least 3days.

·         If a girl from another village do marriage in this village she has to stay  7days outside the house after that she can enter the house.

Health dimension

There is not permanent and regular access to the health centre in the village. A VHN (Village Health Nurse) came twice a week for a checkup. One day for the pregnant ladies and one day for the vaccinations. There are three hospitals where the villagers usually go for health facilities Melakkal Govt. Hospital, Solavantham Govt. Hospital and Madurai Govt. Hospital

Seasonal Disease Calendar

Summer	Rainy	Winter
Diarrhoea, Headache	Diarrhoea, Cholera	Cold, cough fever, Chickenpox

Educational Dimension

 In Keelamattiyan an elementary school is situated up to class VIII. After that boys go to Kallar Govt. High School (Higher Secondary) and Millipallum Govt. School (Higher Secondary) and girls go to Solavantham The school (Higher Secondary). After 12 they can join Karu Mathur college, Muthuramalingam College, Melakkal Polytechnic college and in Pudhur ITI.

Anganwadi (Child Care)

Between 0-6 age group, there are 61 children. Male- 41 and female- 20. Among them, 56 are in good health but 5 children are not in good health.

Livelihood

Agriculture is the main occupation of the village, and the livestock rearing (chicks, goat and cow) are common. But as the water availability for the farming is so low they do seasonal migration and work as labour in nearby places, MGNREGA (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.-100 days job guaranty act.) also provide a livelihood to the villagers. Some other livelihoods are wood cutting, shops, police constable, military, nurse, and teacher.

Wages

Male is getting Rs.300 for 1day and the females getting Rs.150 for 1day.

Natural Resources

Mainly the agricultural lands which are well mobilized in the village, the groundwater level is very low so they use the hill valley as a water shade tank for the rain-fed agriculture. The hill Valles is used as the common grazing land.

Infrastructure 

Drinking water is supplied through the pipeline to the village. There is a school in the village, some wells are there which the only source of water is if we put aside the rain. Some bore wells are there which are acquired by them in a subsidized rate from the government the electricity is provided to the bore wells are of free of cost. And in household purpose up to the 100 unit of electric use per month they have to pay the electric bill.

Agriculture

The soil of the area is sandy so the water holding capacity of the soil is very bad. The groundwater level is not so good, the whole agriculture mainly depends on the rainwater. Rice needs more water. Only one-time rice cultivation is there. But they also cultivate some vegetables and millets.

Seasonal crop calendar

Rabi	Kharip	Zaid
Tomato, Chilly, Brinjal	Paddy, Okra, Ragi	Cucumber, okra. Ground nut, Brinjal

Health Condition:

To understand the health condition of any village, first of all, we should understand the village location, their housing pattern and other socio-environmental conditions. For clear that picture the social map is used as a suitable tool. We complete the social map only of the internal part of the village. Outside the village, there are some SC families they are also coming under this village, but the community people don not comfortable to share about that. We find 149 households and map them. in the households total male 293 and total female 285. Among them, 41 families do agriculture, 15 are milkman, 5 families are coli, 5 tea stall, 21 family is woodcutter, 9 families only depend on MGNREGA 12 families are doing ground nut selling and 41 families are engaged in other different activities.

Livelihood	Number of families
Agriculture	41
Milkman	15
Coli	5
Tea Stall	5
Woodcutter	21
MGNREGA	9
Groundnut selling	12
Others	41

 After that study we understand the village can be divided into 3 subgroups in both wealth and health conditions. With the help of the villagers than the village households are categorized within different subgroups according to their criteria what is given below. And with the help of that criteria, one matrix is prepared what shows the health-wealth cross-section of the village.

Rich	Having own land, and Stone house	Good Health	No one is seriously ill
Middle	Having land but not stone house	Moderate Health	Family members frequently become ill
Poor	Don’t have land and proper house	Bad Health	Chronic Disease effected

In this village total, 42 families are rich where 61 and 46 families come under middle and poor categories. In case of health 53 families hold good health and 18 families are badly suffers from health problem were a big no. of families (78 families) health quality is moderate. So it is clear that most of the families’ health status is moderate. Usually, everyone knows that rich families have more money and they can get many health facilities according to their need but here only 23 rich families have good health and another side 18 rich families health is moderate. In the case of poor families also most of the poor families’ health quality is moderate and no. of good and bad health of poor families are the same (11).

Health-Wealth	Rich	Middle	Poor	Total
Good	23	19	11	53
Average	18	36	24	78
Bad	1	6	11	18
Total	42	61	46

Being rich one family is still in poor health condition. It’s because of some chronic disease affected the house.  In middle and poor families the health condition is not so good. According to the villagers alcohol is main cause of them being poor and being unhealthy also. It is one of the masseur issues of health in the village what is not mentioned by any villagers as a problem, but in this matrix during the discussion the repeatedly blaming the addiction as the cause of their all measures.  

Diseases are one of the measure factor of health. To understand about the prevalent and measure diseases in the village we adopt the ranking of the diseases as a tool of study

Diseases	Diarrhea	Fever	Cough	Kidney Stone	Jaundice	Chicken Pox
Diarrhea	#	2	3	1	1	6
Fever	#	#	3	2	2	2
Cough	#	#	#	3	3	3
Kidney Stone	#	#	#	#	4	4
Jaundice	#	#	#	#	#	5
Chicken Pox	#	#	#	#	#	#
	2	4	5	2	1	1

Problems: 1^st= Cough, 2^nd=Fever, 3^rd= Diarrhea, 4^th= Kidney Stone, 5^th= Jaundice, 6^th= Chicken Pox

From this tool, we came to know about the most predominant diseases in the village. Most of the persons are affected by cough, then fever, then diarrhoea after that kidney stone, jaundice and chicken pox respectively.

To understand the daily lifestyle of the villagers we use the tool daily calendar as a tool as a lifestyle is also a great contributor of life.

Daily Calendar for working women and Non-working women

Activities	Working women (Hours)	Non-working women (Hours)
Refreshing time	0.50	0.50
Bringing drinking water	1	1
Pot washing/household works	0.5	0.5
Cooking	3	3
Working (MGNREGA)	6	0
Breakfast	0.5	0.5
Lunch	0.5	0.5
Rest	0	6
Bath	0.5	0.5
Temple	0.5	0.5
Entertainment	2.5	2.5
Chatting	1	1
Dinner	0.5	0.5
sleeping	7	7

 In the case of the working women and non-working women both take 30 minutes for refreshment purpose in the morning. For bringing water and other household work like (house cleaning, washing utensils) they take respectively 1 and 30 minutes. For the cooking purpose, women take nearly 3 hours and the women who are engaging with MGNREGA after cooking they go for labour work in the next 6 hours, in this time non-working women are chatting, or take rest otherwise they finish their remaining household works. Except working period other all-purpose working and non-working women take the same time. Their working hours for breakfast, lunch, bath, worship in the temple, entertainment, chatting, dinner are respectively 30minutes, 30 minutes, 30 minutes, 30 minutes, 2 and half hour, 1 hour and 30 minutes. Women sleep at night for 7 hours.

Figure 1 Daily Calendar for working women and Non-working women

Variation in man working hour according to their different livelihood activity:

Activities	Dairy workers (Hours)	Construction worker (Hours)	Agriculture worker (Hours)
Work	6.5	7	8
Feeding cow	2.5	0	0
Refreshing	0.5	0.5	0
Breakfast	0.5	0.5	0
Sleep	11	8.5	9
Lunch	0.5	1	0.5
Rest	2	1	3.5
Household	0	2	2
Travel	0	2	0
Dinner	0.5	1.5	1

In this case men who are engaged in daily workers (DW) they work for 6.5 hours and construction workers (CW) and agricultural workers (AW) are working for respectively 7 and 8 hours. Except 6.5 workers daily worker men also spend extra 2.5 hours in morning for cow feeding purpose. In morning after cow feeding they take rest for half an hour. Sleeping hours for DW, CW and AW are respectively 11, 8.5 and 9 hours. Their lunch hours are 30, 60 and 30 minutes. They take rest respectively 2, 1 and 3 and half hour in middle of the day. For daily worker there is no travel time but construction worker and agriculture worker spend 2 hours for travelling or chatting in evening also.

Figure 2 Variation in man working hour according to their different livelihood activity

Comparison of Men and Women of their daily activities:

Activities	Male (Hours)	Female (Hours)
Work	7.17	3
Feeding cow	0.83	0
Refreshing	0.33	0.5
Breakfast	0.33	0.5
Sleep	9.50	7
Lunch	0.67	0.5
Rest	2.17	3
Household	1.33	0.5
Travel	0.67	0
Dinner	1.00	0.5
Bringing drinking water	1.00	0
Cooking	3.00	0
Household work	0.50	0

Men and women both spend different time in different activities. Where men work more than 7 hours their women work 3 hours but men are fully detached from bringing drinking water, cooking. But in those works, women spend an extra 4 an half hour. Another side men spend 50 minutes for feeding cow. Next men and women spend 20 minutes and 30 minutes in refreshing and breakfast. Sleeping purpose men and women spend 9 an half hour and men spend 7 hours. Household purpose men and women both spend respectively 30 minutes and 1 and 20 minutes. In case of dinner women and men spend respectively 1 hour, 30 minutes. This is their average daily time schedule.

Their sleeping hour is quite good what make them to start an energetic day. But the drinking water availability and the distance force them to consume less water during the works. That is one of the causes of the kidney stone.

Details about the Diseases

FGD: This tool was used for knowing what are the different types of diseases occur among the village people. What are the reason and what types of precaution they take against which diseases that also known through this tool. According to villagers view they are major problem is kidney stone, they spend a huge amount money if this disease occurs, not only money spend doctor instruct them to take more water where this village has a big drinking water problem. Other expenditure for various diseases are also listed below:

Criteria	Reason	Expenditure (RS.)	Precaution	Ranking based on impact
Diarrhea	Summer hot season, Not pure water, Health practices	PVT-1000 & Govt-100	Drum stick tree skin, Sangu Leaf, Asafetida, Root of Malai thangi, Turmeric	1)Kidney Stone
Fever	Virus fever, Mosquitos, Drainage water, Rainy season, No pure water, Summer season	PVT-1500 & Govt-500	Hot water for drinking, put Wet cloth in forehead, mix the Camphor in oil and heat it,	2)Jaundice
Cough	No pure water, Rainy season, Summer season	PVT-500 & Govt-100	Ocimum Juice, Drum stick biscuit, Ocimum Biscuit	3)Fever
Kidney stone	Alcohol drinking more, No pure water, Not drinking enough water	PVT-30000 & Govt-5000	Banana stem Juice, Banana Flower, Radish juice, Water of Rice after boiled	4)Diarrhea
Jaundice	Summer season, Rice eating	PVT-30000 & Govt-6000	Pathu, Blister, Keevaneli, Goat milk, Urine of goat	5)Cough
Chicken pox	Superstition, Summer season	PVT-0 & Govt-0	Neem tree juice, Onion, Cape Custard, Country banana, Rice orb	6)Chicken pox

Trend Analysis

A participatory method (trend analysis) was used to know about health of the village, and change over the time period of 1960 to 2019. The indicators like health condition, life span, medicine, health services (distance of hospital), food habit are used for the understand the health and its changes over time. Intervention are considered for the both changes in the village health. The total time period is divide into six sections, 1960-1970, 1970-1980, 1980-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2010 and 2010-2019. 

Components	1960-70	1970-80	1980-90	1990-2000	2000-10	2010-19
Health
Condition	Good	Good	Good	Moderate	Moderate	Bad
Life span (Years)	80-90	90 & above	60-70	50-70	50-70	30-50
Medicine	Local Medicine	Local Medicine	Local Medicine	Local Medicine	Hospital	Hospital
Hospital distance	-	-	-	-	Madurai & Sholavanthan	Madurai & Sholavanthan
Food habit	Rye mixer, Rice, Wheat	Rye mixer, Rice, Wheat	Rye mixer, Rice, Wheat	Rice	Rice & Rarely tiffin items	Rice & Rarely tiffin items

In the study we understand that the kidney stone is the main chronic disease in the village. And here in this tool we analyze that specific problem by find the causes behind it and all the possible consequences of it. A good number of villagers participate, discuss, debate and draw the analysis tree.

Kidney stone
Causes No pure water availability and accessibility Drug habits, Tomato Stem not cut properly Weed, Related to Vegetables Tobacco, Fridge items usage is more Smoking, not properly wash the Potato Alcohol Salty drinking water Not drinking water properly No Sweating	Effects Rip & Hip pain Death Medical treatment expenses are more Income is less no hungry we cannot eat normally Porridge is the good food we cannot go to work because of pain

BMI of the anganwadi children:

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. BMI can be used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems but it is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual. For children ideal BMI is 15. In keelamatiyan BMI is taken in the anganwadi. The result is given below

Name	Weight (Kg)	Height (m)	Age (Years)	Sex	BMI (Kg/m2)
Bijay Laxhmi	15.8	1.264	5	F	9.89
Sivaya	9.8	1.01	3	F	9.61
Harisma	14.3	1.29	6	F	8.59
Yasnshree	14.9	1.13	4	F	11.67
Shivahari	17.8	1.17	4	M	13.00
Yogaswari	10.6	0.98	3	F	11.04
Shivhari	12	1.1	5	F	9.92
Nilaraja	10.7	1.06	3	M	9.52
Sabri	12.5	0.9	3	M	15.43
Selvalaxmi	9.4	0.83	2	F	13.64
Santosi	15.5	1.1	5	M	12.81
Azhaga	13	1	5	F	13.00
Shivararti	12.5	0.99	4	M	12.75
Narmada	11.5	0.9	4	F	14.20
Santoshini	11.8	0.94	5	F	13.35
Manaka	14.7	1.059	5	F	13.11
Yashika	11	0.856	3	F	15.01

Note: F- Female, M- Male, BMI- Body Mass Index, Kg- Kilogram, m- Meter 

Educational dimension:

 To understand the educational condition of the village we went to the school and study about the students in the school. There is no dropout in the village but the school is up to class 8^th only. After that they go to nearby villages for the further study. To get clearer picture we went through the different participatory method for the study.

A participatory method (trend analysis) was used to know about education of the village, and change over the time period of 1960 to 2019. The indicators literacy, average education level, distance of school, opportunity for higher education, teachers, infrastructure like school building for the measurement of education and its changes over time. The total time period is divide into six sections, 1960-1970, 1970-1980, 1980-1990, 1990-2000, 2000-2010 and 2010-2019. 

Components	1960-70	1970-80	1980-90	1990-2000	2000-10	2010-19
Education
Literacy rate (%)	7	7	10	20	50	more than 60
Average education (Std.)	7 to 8	7 to 8	7 to 8	7 to 10	7 to 10	up to 12
School distance	Kachirayiruppu (1km)	Alangkotaram (4km)	Vikiramangalam (4km)	Vikiramangalam (4km)	Mullipallam (4km)	Sholavanthan (5km)
College	-	Madurai	Madurai	Madurai & Sholavanthan	Madurai & Sholavanthan	Madurai & Sholavanthan
Private school	-	-	-	Not much less than 2	2 schools	more than 5 schools
Teachers	-	Good and quality teacher	Good and quality teacher	Good and quality teacher	Good and quality teacher	Good and quality teacher
School Building	Asbestos, Sheet house	Concrete building	Renovation	Concrete building	Concrete building	New concrete building

The transport and govt. intervention are considered for the both changes in the village education and health.

Components	1960-70	1970-80	1980-90	1990-2000	2000-10	2010-19
Others
Schemes	-	-	-	-	Health Insurance scheme	Health Insurance scheme
Vehicle intervention	Wheelbarrow	Cart, Cycle	Cart, Cycle	Bike and Cycle	Car, Bike and Cycle	Van, Car, Bike and Cycle

After that we went for the understanding of different Developmental Issues related to education through pair wise ranking:

Educational Issus	No books in the library	No tenth standard School	No College	Lack of employment	No computer teacher	No Play Ground
No books in the library	#	2	3	4	1	6
No tenth standard School	#	#	2	2	2	2
No College	#	#	#	4	5	3
Lack of employment	#	#	#	#	4	4
No computer teacher	#	#	#	#	#	5
No Play Ground	#	#	#	#	#	#
Total	1	5	2	4	2	1

Problems: 1^st=No tenth standard School, 2^nd= Lack of employment, 3^rd= No computer teacher, 4^th= No College, 5^th= No Play Ground, 6^th= No books in the library

This village has only 1 school up to 8th standard. Though all families send their child to school but in case of education children also face some problem. Their main problem is as this school is up to 8^th standard so for attending 10^th standard school they have to go others village that is far away from their location. Students are becoming exhausted after come back from school. 2^nd problem is that though villagers are ready to give permission to their child for attending school but after attending 10^th or 11^th standard same way girls get married and boys go for normal labour work, employment rate is very low. Who are attending college among them very few students go for job. So this is their 2^nd problem. 3^rd problem is that school has no computer teacher, so when students go for higher studies they face problems. 4^th problem is school have no college. Everyone knows that playing is an important part of our life but this school has no playground so in the break time students can do physical exercise only by doing chatting they pass their time. And lastly it is not good to listen that though this village school has a library but books are not available there.

After that people start to connect the education and health in a single thread.  For studding about different institution have influence on their health and education the tools Venn diagram and mobility map is used   and the information is extracted.

Venn diagram

Good	Medium	Low	Very low
Government High School Vikramangalam	Government School (Melakkal)	Melakkal ATM	Panchayat Office
Taluk Office	Melakkal Hospital	Melakkal Market
SBI Bank	Solabandhanam Hospital	VAO office
SBI ATM	Keelamatiyan Post Office	Revenue Office
Government Mid-School	Solabandhanam Market	Solabandhanam Station
Government Hospital (Solabandhanam)	Madurai Railway Station
Dairy Farm
MGR bus stand
College Madurai

According to peoples’ need important places are divided in four categories. The places those are most important and where people usually go in daily basis those are denoted as good, after then gradually moderate or less important places are denoted as medium, low and very low. Most important places for villagers are Government High School Vikramangalam, Taluk Office, SBI Bank and SBI ATM, Government Mid-School, Government Hospital (Solabandhanam), Dairy Farm, MGR bus stand, College Madurai. Villagers give medium importance to Government School (Melakkal), Melakkal Hospital, Solabandhanam Hospital, Keelamatiyan Post Office, Solabandhanam Market, Madurai Railway Station. Villagers go very rare to Melakkal ATM, Melakkal Market, VAO Office, Revenue office and Solabandhanam Station. Panchayat Office is very less important to them

Mobility Mapping

This tool was used to understand the movement pattern of the villagers, their destinations and the reasons for the movement. It also reveals the distance of the different institutions from the village and their directions. In this activity a group of 10-12 members participated and in the chart paper they made a diagram of movement towards different important institutions in the North, South, East and West direction with distance keeping the village at the center, by discussing among themselves.

Inside Village	Within 5km	Within 10km		More than 20km
Ayyar store (inside)	Panchayat office (3km)	Government girls high school (7km-Sholavandhan)		Railway station-Madurai (22km)
Petchi store (inside)	VAO office (3km)	Government hospital-Sholavandhan (7km)		Government Hospital-Madurai (25km)
School (inside)	Health Sub center (3km)	Market (7km)		College-Madurai (28km)
Anganwadi (inside)	ATM (3.5km)	State bank (7km)
Ration shop (inside)	Petrol station (4km)	Fire station (7km)
Sithan Store (inside)	Post office-Kachirayiruppu (1km)	Vivekanandha college (8km)
Pookuli store (inside)	Kadupatti Police station (8km)	Petrol station (8km)
Pond-Oorani (inside)	Government high school (6km-Mullipallam)	Railway station (9km)
Ravi store (inside)	Government high school (7km)
Sundaram Store (inside)
Chandran store (inside)
Alamelu store (inside)
Temple (inside)

In terms of distance and access of institutions or places we divide the distance into 4 categories, inside the village, within 5km, within 10km and more than 20km.  Ayyar store, Petchi store, School, Anganwadi, Ration shop, Sithan Store, Pond-Oorani, Ravi store, Sundaram Store, Chandran store, Alamelu store and Temple these are the places and institutions villagers visit daily within village. Panchayat office, VAO office, Health Sub center, ATM, Petrol station, Post office-Kachirayiruppu, Kadupatti Police station, Kadupatti Police station, Government high school, Government high school all these institutions are placed within 5km of the village and easily accessible. Government girls high school, Government hospital-Sholavandhan, Market, State bank, Fire station, Vivekanandha college, Petrol station, Railway station are placed within 10km distance from village and the accessibility is moderate. And Railway Station-Madurai, Government Hospital-Madurai, College-Madurai these three are placed more than 20km from village with a moderate accessibility. Because of good transport service the accessibility of the important places and institutions are easy enough.

South	North	East	West
Petchi store (inside)	Ayyar store (inside)	Ravi store (inside)	Temple (inside)
School (inside)	Government girls high school (7km-Sholavandhan)	Sundaram Store (inside)	Kadupatti Police station (8km)
Anganwadi (inside)	Government hospital-Sholavandhan (7km)	Chandran store (inside)	Government high school (6km-Mullipallam)
Ration shop (inside)	Market (7km)	Alamelu Store (inside)
Sithan Store (inside)	State bank (7km)	Post office-Kachirayiruppu (1km)
Pookuli store (inside)	Fire station (7km)	Railway station-Madurai (22km)
Pond (Oorani-inside)	Vivekanandha college (8km)	Government Hospital-Madurai (25km)
Panchayat office (3km)	Petrol station (8km)	College-Madurai (28km)
VAO office (3km)	Railway station (9km)
Health Sub centre (3km)
ATM (3.5km)
Petrol station (4km)
Government high school (5km-Melakkal)
Government high school (7km-Vikiramangalam)

Timeline

Time line is an important PRA method which is used to explore the temporal dimension from a historical perspective. Time line captures the chronology of events as recalled by local people. It is drawn as sequential aggregate of past events. It thus provides the historical landmarks of a community, individual, or institution.

Time line was done to know about the history of the village and get information about the various events of development and the events which brought about some change in the village. It also depicts the trend of development in the village. Conducted time line in the evening and the process took about two and a half hours. 10 to 12 old fellow of the village participate for the process.

Year	Events
1960	School was started inside the village
1960	Hospital came in Melakkal
1960	Anganwadi came to inside the village
1960	Bridge was built between Keelamattaiyan to Vikiramangalam road
1960	Electricity usage starts in the village
1960	Rice mill came into the village
1960	Well builds for drinking water
1960	Bus transportation starts
1970	Tube well water came for drinking
1970	Radio came to usage
1980-90	Telephone came
1980-90	Television came to the village
1988	Bore well came to usage
1990	Mid-day meal came
1990	Ration shop came inside the village
1995	Flood came inside the village
2012	MGNREGA starts for the people
2014	Insurance scheme came to the village
2018	Last year people were suffered more because of Chicken-Pox
2018	Last year one person were died because of Jaundice

Seasonal Calendar health:   

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

November

December

Water Scarcity

*

*

*

**

***

***

*

*

*

Safe Water Problem

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

Heat Problem

*

***

***

Diarrhea

***

***

Stone Problem

***

***

Fever

**

***

***

***

Jaundice

***

***

Cough

***

***

***

Chikungunya

**

Food Habit

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Rice,Sambar,Non-veg, Rarely tiffin

Note: * - Less, **- Moderate, ***- High

                                

Conclusion: This is a rural context based study. Most of the people are engaged with agricultural activity and women are mainly engage with MGNREGA. Though women sleeping hours are more but they are more active rather than men. In last 20 years a huge changes came in education, before 1990 literacy rate was 10% but now literacy rate is 60% and average education qualification is up to class 12. But their main problem is that village has no 10^th standard school so for getting higher education they have to go long distance. Though village literacy rate increases but health awareness is not present there. Year wise life span gradually decreases among villagers. Village has no primary health care center. They are often suffer in jaundice and kidney stone. Fever, cough are the common diseases here. They don’t have any drinking water facility, daily they carry water from long distance. That’s why health is the major problem of this village.

The collected data tells a lot about the village bus there are some unseen dimensions in the village what is observed by the team while spending time in the village. There is a huge caste discrimination in the village. ST and SCs are not allowed to enter in the village or village temple. They have a separate village in the border of the village. During the days of menstrual cycle girls are not allowed to enter into the home. It may be scorching sun or flooding rain but they have to stay outside of the house on those days. They don’t wear slipper in the village because of the temple. And not eve at the time of going to defecating in the open. Lot of germs can enter through that and effect their health. Safe water for drinking is not there in the village.

Villagers are very much satisfied with the school in their village. This school is up to class 8^th. After that student go to the nearby high schools. The caste system is effecting the children of the village also. The lower caste students are discriminated by the higher caste students, even they do not allow them to play with them. When the teachers are asked about it they don’t tall anything and avoid this topic. But in afternoon while playing in the village is was very clear that there is caste discrimination among the children also.

May be there are many facilities in the village and in future many will come. But the caste will become one of the wall on the way of development. The problems of health and education can be solved by intervening from outside, but the caste which making the whole system slow have to be stopped from the inside otherwise the growth of 10 years can take 100 years to be achived.